{"id":1544,"date":"2017-06-11T10:34:42","date_gmt":"2017-06-11T02:34:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.xttblog.com\/?p=1544"},"modified":"2017-06-11T10:34:42","modified_gmt":"2017-06-11T02:34:42","slug":"5%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e7%9a%84linux%e9%87%8d%e5%90%af%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.xttblog.com\/?p=1544","title":{"rendered":"5\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684Linux\u91cd\u542f\u547d\u4ee4\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\t\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4f4d\u65b0\u6765\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4f1aLinux\u7684\u91cd\u542f\u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u6574\u7406\u4e86Linux\u76845\u5927\u91cd\u542f\u547d\u4ee4\uff1ashutdown\u3001poweroff\u3001init\u3001reboot\u3001halt\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u673a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\n<\/p>\n<h2>\n\tshutdown<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\n\tshutdown\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u673a\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u65ad\u6389\u7535\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5173\u95edlinux\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5341\u5206\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3alinux\u4e0ewindows\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u5173\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\ufe50\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\ufe50\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f1a\u635f\u574f\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u673a\u524d\u4f7f\u7528shutdown\u547d\u4ee4\ufe50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4f1a\u901a\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u5e76\u4e14login\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u88ab\u51bb\u7ed3\ufe50\u5373\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u673a\u6216\u8005\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u5173\u673a\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\ufe50\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u542f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3014process\u3015\u90fd\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u9001\u8fbe\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3014signal\u3015\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u50cfvi\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u50a8\u5b58\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u6587\u6863\ufe50\u800c\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u90ae\u4ef6\u3014mail\u3015\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u3014news\u3015\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5730\u79bb\u5f00\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tshutdown\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\u3014signal\u3015\u7ed9init\u7a0b\u5e8f\ufe50\u8981\u6c42\u5b83\u6539\u53d8runlevel\u3002\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tRunlevel 0\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u505c\u673a\u3014halt\u3015\ufe50runlevel 6\u662f\u7528\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3014reboot\u3015\u7cfb\u7edf\ufe50\u800crunlevel 1\u5219\u662f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u5165\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\ufe54\u8fd9\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\ufe50\u5047\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709-h\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709-r\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9shutdown\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5728\u505c\u673a\u3014halt\u3015\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u673a\u3014reboot\u3015\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u505a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\ufe50\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/inittab\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9brunlevels\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002\n<\/p>\n<h2>\n\tshutdown \u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t[-t] \u5728\u6539\u53d8\u5230\u5176\u5b83runlevel\u4e4b\u524d\ufe50\u544a\u8bc9init\u591a\u4e45\u4ee5\u540e\u5173\u673a\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-r] \u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-k] \u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u5173\u673a\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u9001\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4f4d\u767b\u5f55\u8005\u3014login\u3015\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-h] \u5173\u673a\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u7535\u6e90\u3014halt\u3015\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-n] \u4e0d\u7528init\ufe50\u800c\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u5173\u673a\u3002\u4e0d\u9f13\u52b1\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\ufe50\u800c\u4e14\u8be5\u9009\u9879\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u540e\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u4f60\u6240\u9884\u671f\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-c] cancel current process\u53d6\u6d88\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5173\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5f53\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u53c2\u6570\ufe50\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8baf\u606f\ufe50\u800c\u8fd9\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u4f1a\u9001\u5230\u6bcf\u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-f] \u5728\u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u3014reboot\u3015\u65f6\u5ffd\u7565fsck\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-F] \u5728\u91cd\u542f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u3014reboot\u3015\u65f6\u5f3a\u8febfsck\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-time] \u8bbe\u5b9a\u5173\u673a\u3014shutdown\u3015\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\n\thalt<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\n\thalt \u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5173\u673a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5176\u5b9ehalt\u5c31\u662f\u8c03\u7528shutdown -h\u3002halt\u6267\u884c\u65f6\ufe50\u6740\u6b7b\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\ufe50\u6267\u884csync\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\ufe50\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u5185\u6838\u3002<br \/>\n\t\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t[-n] \u9632\u6b62sync\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\ufe50\u5b83\u7528\u5728\u7528fsck\u4fee\u8865\u6839\u5206\u533a\u4e4b\u540e\ufe50\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5185\u6838\u7528\u8001\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u3014superblock\u3015\u8986\u76d6\u4fee\u8865\u8fc7\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-w] \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u91cd\u542f\u6216\u5173\u673a\ufe50\u53ea\u662f\u5199wtmp\u3014\/var\/log\/wtmp\u3015\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-d] \u4e0d\u5199wtmp\u7eaa\u5f55\u3014\u5df2\u5305\u542b\u5728\u9009\u9879[-n]\u4e2d\u3015\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-f] \u6ca1\u6709\u8c03\u7528shutdown\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u5173\u673a\u6216\u91cd\u542f\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-i] \u5173\u673a\u3014\u6216\u91cd\u542f\u3015\u524d\ufe50\u5173\u6389\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t[-p] \u8be5\u9009\u9879\u4e3a\u7f3a\u7701\u9009\u9879\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u673a\u65f6\u8c03\u7528poweroff\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\n\treboot<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\n\treboot\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u8ddfhalt\u4e00\u6837\ufe50\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u662f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e3b\u673a\u91cd\u542f\ufe50\u800chalt\u662f\u5173\u673a\u3002\u5b83 \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e0ehalt\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\treboot\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t-d\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u4e0d\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\/var\/tmp\/wtmp\u3002\u672c\u53c2\u6570\u5177\u6709&ldquo;-n&rdquo;\u53c2\u6570\u6548\u679c\uff1b\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t-f\uff1a\u5f3a\u5236\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u673a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8c03\u7528shutdown\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t-i\uff1a\u5728\u91cd\u5f00\u673a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u5173\u95ed\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u754c\u9762\uff1b\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t-n\uff1a\u91cd\u5f00\u673a\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t-w\uff1a\u4ec5\u505a\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u771f\u6b63\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u673a\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u628a\u91cd\u5f00\u673a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\/var\/log\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684wtmp\u8bb0\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\n\tinit<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\n\tinit\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7956\u5148\ufe50\u5b83\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a1\ufe50\u6240\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001TERM\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ed9init\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u7684 \u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\ufe51\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u3002shutdown \u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u3002init\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e868\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b(runlevel)\uff0c init 0\u4e3a\u5173\u673a\ufe50init 1\u4e3a\u91cd\u542f\u3002\u5173\u4e8einit\u53ef\u4ee5\u957f\u7bc7\u5927\u8bba\ufe50\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709telinit\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8init\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\ufe50\u6bd4\u5982\ufe50telinit -iS\u53ef\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\ufe50 \u5e76\u4e14\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4f7f\u7528shutdown\u65f6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tinit\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u4e0b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0cinit\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6240\u6709Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\u4e3a1\u3002init\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0cinit\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662fLinux\u5185\u6838\u5f15\u5bfc\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1aps -ef | head<br \/>\n\t\u67e5\u770binit\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1amore \/etc\/inittab<br \/>\n\t\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\uff1arunlevel&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u5230\u5e95\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u5462\uff1f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u5c31\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u4ece0\u52306 \uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\/etc\/inittab\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u5b83\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n\t\t#0 &nbsp;\u505c\u673a\uff08\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u80fd\u628ainitdefault \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0\uff09\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t#1 &nbsp;\u5355\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t#2 &nbsp;\u591a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709 NFS(\u548c\u7ea7\u522b3\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u90e8\u5206\u670d\u52a1)\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t#3 &nbsp;\u5b8c\u5168\u591a\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t#4 &nbsp;\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u5230\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t#5 &nbsp;x11(Xwindow)\n\t<\/li>\n<li>\n\t\t#6 &nbsp;\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\uff08\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u628ainitdefault \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a6\uff09\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\n\tpoweroff\u547d\u4ee4<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\n\tpoweroff\u5728\u5173\u95ed\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001ACPI\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u901a\u77e5\u7535\u6e90\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5207\u65ad\u7535\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7b49\u5d4c\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u652f\u6301ACPI\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e0\u6548\u3002\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tpoweroff 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